Matematika a rozvoj včelstva

[Oto]

Hoci už pár rokov včelárim, rozvoj včelstva -a hlavne ten jarný, si každý rok „užívam“ zvýšeným adrenalínom – Ako to bude? Čo a kedy treba vo včelstve spraviť?
Tohto roku asi prišiel ten správny čas a ja som vytiahol svoje knižky o včelárení a hľadal som v nich „odpovede“.
Na koniec snaženia mi vyšla akási „včelárska Pytagorova veta“, ktorá mi dáva obraz, predstavu, o rozvoji včelstva v úľovej zostave B10:
1. Matka zakladie za týždeň 2 rámiky,
2. Matka musí mať k dispozícii 6 rámikov, ktoré zakladie za 3 týždne (21 dní),
3. Po 3 týždňoch sa vyliahnu včely z prvého zakladeného rámika a Matka ho môže znova zaklásť.
Týmto záverom zodpovedá bilancia rámikov v plodisku B10:
6 rámikov slúži Matke na kladenie,
2 rámiky sú krycie, peľovo-medové
2 rámiky môžu byť nové medzistienky, alebo stavebný rámik a medzistienka.
Oto

[Oto]

Malá úprava „počtov“ zohľadnením faktu, že reálne je asi 1/3 plochy rámika zakladená medom a peľom. Potom matka potrebuje o 1/3 viac rámikov:
Upravený bod 2. Matka musí mať k dispozícii 8 rámikov, ktoré zakladie za 3 týždne.
Bilancia rámikov v úľovej zostave B10 potom reálne vypadá takto:
8 rámikov slúži Matke na kladenie,
2 rámiky sú krycie, peľovo-medové.
To už sa viac podobá stavu (a chaosu) v mojich uľoch.
..
Kedy a ako sa úľ úplne naplní liahnucimi sa včelami?
Opäť malá matematika, čo sa v úli bude diať:
1. Matka za 3 týždne zakladie množstvo plodu zodpovedajúce ploche 6 plných rámikov,
2. V nasledujúcich 3 týždňoch (od zakladenia 6 týždňov) sa na týchto rámikoch vyliahnu všetky včely.
3. Vyliahnuté včely obsadia trojnásobok rámikov, teda 18 rámikov. Znamená to, že už včelstvo potrebuje dva nadstavky: plodisko a medník. Inak sa bude rojiť.
Výsledok č.1: Po 6 týždňoch od intenzívneho kladenia Matky je včelstvo plne rozvinuté, obsadzuje 2 nadstavky a je pripravené na sezónu.
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Ako bude pokračovať ďaľší rozvoj včelstva? Do akých rozmerov dorastie?
Na všetko nám odpovie jednoduchá matematika, lebo limitujúcim faktorom sa stáva dĺžka života robotnice, ktorá je v priemere 40 dní, čo približne zodpovedá 6 týždňom uvedeným vo Výsledku č.1.
Výsledok č.2: Keď sa včelstvo dostane do plnej sily, ako je uvedené vo Výsledku č.1, teda po 6 týždňoch, to je presne čas, keď sa síce začnú liahnuť ďaľšie robotnice, ale zároveň je to presne čas (40 dní), keď robotnice vyliahnuté v prvej etape začnú umierať. Stavy včiel sú teda v sezóne ustálené – včelstvo sa ani nerozrastá, ani neklesá – zostáva na úrovni 2 nadstavkov.
..
Z uvedeného vyplýva ešte jeden zaujímavý a priam provokatívny výsledok:
Výsledok č.3: Prirodzenou cestou včelstvo s jednou Matkou nedorastie do sily, aby plne obsadzovalo 3 nadstavky.
..
Rovnako, ako ten, čo číta tieto úvahy a výsledky, aj ja nad tým krútim hlavou. Všetky fakty ukazujú na to, že by to malo vo včelstve takto, veľmi pravdepodobne takto, fungovať.
Oto

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